Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
Overview
Corporate Greenhouse Gas Inventories & Climate Disclosure Assurance
Corporate climate transparency is no longer voluntary. With national mandatory climate disclosures, stock exchange ESG listing rules (SGX, Bursa, HKEX, SEC), and Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), enterprises must deliver audited Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions data.
GICG operates as an accredited GHG validation and verification body under ISO 14065 and ISO 14064-3. We provide both limited and reasonable assurance opinions on corporate carbon reports, CDP submissions, and net-zero roadmaps.
We provide defensible, auditor-grade climate assurance that satisfies institutional investors, regulators, and rating agencies.
Benefits
Stock Exchange ESG Compliance
Fulfill mandatory annual sustainability report assurance mandates across international stock exchanges.
Higher CDP & S&P ESG Scores
Earn maximum points in CDP Climate and S&P Corporate Sustainability Assessment through third-party verified GHG data.
Bankable Decarbonization Roadmap
Unlock green loans and sustainability-linked financing with verified emissions reduction baselines.
Related Standards & Verification Schemes
Corporate GHG Inventory (Scope 1, 2, 3)
ISO 14064-1:2018 / GHG Protocol Corporate StandardSpecification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals.
Independent Verification & Assurance
ISO 14064-3:2019 / ISAE 3410Comprehensive audit procedures providing Limited Assurance or Reasonable Assurance opinions on GHG assertions and sustainability disclosures.
Project-Level GHG Emission Reductions
ISO 14064-2:2019 / Verified Carbon StandardsValidation and verification of greenhouse gas mitigation projects, renewable installations, and nature-based carbon avoidance projects.
Assurance Methodology & Execution Workflow
Strategic Pre-Audit & Risk Assessment
Examine organizational boundaries (operational vs financial control), materiality threshold, and source categorization.
Evidence Gathering & Site Sampling
Inspect headquarters, manufacturing plants, and distribution centers. Sample raw fuel records, utility meters, and waste logs.
Independent Recalculation & Model Review
Cross-verify emission factors (IPCC, IEA, DEFRA, eGRID) against company calculations and test internal controls.
Technical Peer Review & Opinion Sign-Off
Independent Technical Reviewer signs off on assurance findings, issuing the final verification opinion and management letter.
Applicable Industry Sectors
Technical FAQs
Q:What is the difference between Limited and Reasonable Assurance?
Limited Assurance (standard for annual corporate reports) concludes that no evidence was found suggesting the data is materially misstated. Reasonable Assurance involves deeper substantive sampling, control testing, and site visits, concluding with a positive opinion that the inventory is fairly presented in all material respects.
Q:Can GICG verify Scope 3 supply chain emissions?
Yes. GICG specializes in auditing Scope 3 Categories 1 through 15, including purchased goods and services, capital goods, upstream transportation, and end-of-life treatment of sold products.
Let GICG help you to position your brand differently!
Speak to our accredited verification specialists today to design your tailored Life Cycle Assessment, Corporate GHG verification, or ethical supply chain audit program.